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- Path: news.ultranet.com!usenet
- From: "Albert P. Belle Isle" <belleisl@cerberus-sys.com>
- Newsgroups: alt.winsock.trumpet,alt.winsock,comp.dcom.modems,comp.os.ms-windows.setup.win3x
- Subject: Re: Sub-par Transfer Speeds with Netscape
- Date: Wed, 28 Feb 1996 11:37:37 -0500
- Organization: Cerberus Systems, Inc.
- Message-ID: <313484D1.47C7@cerberus-sys.com>
- References: <312B4C6D.2D9D@cerberus-sys.com> <4gr6sl$sn@news1.mnsinc.com>
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-
- j.m.paden wrote:
- >
- > "Albert P. Belle Isle" <belleisl@cerberus-sys.com> wrote:
- >
- > >"Adam V. Welch" <Adam.V.Welch@gramercy.ios.com> wrote:
- > >>
- > >>I have used your FAQ to tweak my Trumpet 2.1f winsock settings:
- > >>MTU-1500
- > >>TCP MSS-536
- > >>TCP RWIN 2144)
- > >>
- >
- > >Adam:
- >
- > >I agree. I think you should do better than 1.1KBytes/sec.
- > snip snip
- >
- > >Al
- >
- > >--
- > >==================================================================
- > >Albert P. Belle Isle
- > >Cerberus Systems, Inc.
- >
- > Dear Al,
- >
- > I have a question. I've tried to implement your suggestions re
- > configuring Trumpet Winsock, but came to a different setting than
- > Adam. The settings above indicate an MTU= 1500 and MSS=536.
- > My provider sets his MTU at 1500. Based on my understanding (or
- > misunderstanding)of your faq I would set mine at either MTU=1500 and
- > MSS=1460 or MTU=576 and MSS=536. I've ruled out 552 and 512 in my
- > case. Please clarify what if any difference would result in these
- > three different settings. I understand that the RWIN is a multiple of
- > whatever MSS you choose and is also subject to the number of IP packet
- > buffers assigned by my ISP server per connection. I need some
- > clarification on the MTU and MSS settings, however. Thanks again for
- > your assistance.
- > //jmpaden
-
- JMP:
-
- It's good practice to match your Internet Service Provider's IP MTU, since
- any packet you get will be routed through his routers, and you might as well
- look like "one of the guys" on his Local Area Network.
-
- While you can't set *his* MTU, you can make him unnecessarily throttle-down
- to fit a smaller MTU that you set your WinSock to announce to him. As you
- probably know, not all transfers use TCP/IP; some use the no-ACK-required
- UDP/IP, like RealAudio or VDOLive. Regardless of source, all packets to
- be routed to you must still fit in the smaller of his and your MTUs.
-
- If you use an MTU the same size as the routers on your access provider's
- LAN, you can set your MSS for TCP transfers (like file or web page
- down-loads) that come from outside his LAN over the Internet to anything
- that will fit in his maximum routing packet - i.e. MSS no larger than his
- MTU minus 40 bytes for TCP and IP headers. For your ISP's LAN MTU of 1500,
- this means you can use any MSS up to 1460 bytes.
-
- The objective is to amortize the header bytes (overhead) over as much TCP
- data as possible without getting router fragmentation of your packets,
- which degrades packet transfer speed.
-
- The larger MSS is, the smaller the percentage the header bytes represent.
- Since no routing outside his LAN is needed for downloads direct from your
- ISP's servers, an MSS of LAN-MTU-minus-40 (1460 for your ISP's 1500-byte
- MTU) will give maximum efficiency for that special case that doesn't get
- anything from the Internet.
-
- However, for *all* downloads, MSS+40 must fit within the MTU of EVERY router
- on the IP path between the download server and you - not just your ISP's -
- or they'll be fragmented to fit. This limit is obviously subject to enormous
- variability, due to the huge number of possible paths through the vast
- collection of IP routers that comprise (in fact, define) the Internet.
-
- I download occasionally from some .MOV and .AVI movie sites over paths that
- allow me to use MSS=1024 (and RWIN=8192) without fragmentation; this always
- maxes-out my 28.8Kbps connection.
-
- Most of the time, if you want a "safe" setting, MSS=536 is good enough.
- This is 40 bytes less than the Internet default MTU of 576, which all IP
- routers are supposed to accommodate. This setting will cause most remote
- servers to respond with either 536- or 512-byte TCP data segments (either of
- which falls within your announced *maximum* segment size of 536 bytes).
-
- I usually use the lazy approach of MSS=536/RWIN=4288, and still usually get
- my 3.2KBytes/sec modem-limited speed for compressed file downloads, except
- from some Scandinavian sites over a particularly slow trans-Atlantic link.
- (Your tuning can't make slow parts of the 'net, or overloaded servers
- connected to it, any faster. You can waste higher speeds by mis-tuning.)
-
- For a direct high-speed Internet connection, I'd probably try more
- agressively to take advantage of larger packet sizes. Although mis-tuning
- can make a 28.8 Kbps modem seem a lot slower, that connect rate will limit
- you to uncompressible downloads of 3.2 KBytes/sec. Similarly, a 14.4 Kbps
- connect rate will limit you to 1.6 KBytes/sec.
-
- While there's no limit to how badly you can tune your WinSock, once you
- achieve connect-rate-limited speed down in your data link layer, further
- tuning up in your TCP/IP software layers can't buy you a faster modem <g>.
-
- Hope this helps clarify things.
-
- Regards,
-
- Al
-
- --
- ==================================================================
- Albert P. Belle Isle
- Cerberus Systems, Inc.
-
- Al's Winsock Tuning FAQ -
- http://www.cerberus-sys.com/~belleisl/mtu_mss_rwin.html
- ==================================================================
-